Gastroesophageal reflux

What is GERD?

Gastroesophageal reflux is a digestive problem where there is too much backflow of acid stomach contents into the esophagus.

How does it occur?

The lower esophageal sphincter is a muscular valve between the esophagus and stomach. It opens with the passage of food and normally closes when food has made its way to the stomach. With gastroesphageal reflux, the sphincter is weak or too relaxed, and often, the acid contents of the stomach can return to the esophagus. Because the esophagus does not have a protective barrier like the stomach, this process can translate into symptoms such as heartburn and can also result in damage to the esophagus.

What is the treatment?

 Lifestyle changes may be helpful in relieving some of the symptoms of GERD. Some helpful measures include:

  • Dietary Changes:

 Avoid certain foods that may make your symptoms worse such as chocolate, alcohol, peppermints, coffee, onions, fats, citrus, and tomato-based products.

 Avoid large meals and try not to eat at least 2-4 hours prior to sleeping.

  • Raising the head of bed .
  • Weight loss if you are overweight.
  • Stop smoking.

. Over-the-counter antacids are not always effective in treating GERD but may be tried as a way to help relieve symptoms. If these simple things do not help relieve your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe a medication that will help decrease the acid produced from the stomach. In addition, there are surgical options for some patients who do not respond to medical treatment.

How can I take care of myself?

If you have GERD, it is important to be aware that symptoms may recur.

Avoid habits that have caused symptoms in the past is the best practice.

Eating the correct diet, having a normal weight, and taking your medications as prescribed will be helpful in preventing repeat problems.

When should I call the doctor?

 Notify your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms: • Unexplained weight loss • Trouble with swallowing • Chest pain • Choking • Blood in the stools • Vomiting • Pain with swallowing • Early fullness after a meal

What can I do to prevent or reduce reflex?

  • Limit Caffeine. Limit coffee to 2-3 cups per day. Limiting consumption of other caffeine-containing beverages (tea, soft drinks) may also be helpful.
  • Avoid Tight Clothing: Tight belts, tight pants or girdles can increase the pressure on the stomach.
  • Avoid Foods That Cause Your Symptoms: Foods to avoid are: o spicy and fatty foods  tomato and citrus juices (such as grapefruit and orange juices) ,chocolate, mints, coffee, tea, cola, and alcoholic drinks.
  • Do Not Lie Down for 2 Hours After Eating: Allow gravity to work. Also, avoid bending over at the waist to pick up things; instead bend at the knees
  • Maintain Your Ideal Weight: Excess weight increases the amount of pressure constantly placed on your stomach. Even small amounts of weight loss may help.
  • Antacids: Can be taken at bedtime and 30-60 minutes after each meal or as directed by your physician.
  • Acid Suppression Medications: Take these medications 30-60 minutes before meals.
  • Eat Smaller Meals: Don’t overfill your stomach
  • Stop smoking